{"id":7065,"date":"2019-03-12T16:59:52","date_gmt":"2019-03-12T22:59:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/comunicacion.uaa.mx\/revista\/?p=7065"},"modified":"2019-03-12T17:00:52","modified_gmt":"2019-03-12T23:00:52","slug":"la-posverdad-y-su-forma-de-operar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/comunicacion.uaa.mx\/revista\/?p=7065","title":{"rendered":"La \u201cposverdad\u201d y su forma de operar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"s3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Estamos en tiempos donde<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> diversos temas de la agenda p\u00fablica se est\u00e1n caracterizando por privilegiar la<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> intolerancia a la discrepancia de ideas, la<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">polarizaci\u00f3n y la divisi\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> social<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> frente al di\u00e1logo,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> el consenso,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> la reflexi\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> y <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">la cr\u00edtica con fundamento argumentativo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">, es decir, planteamientos que incorporen debates cient\u00edfico-emp\u00edricos, indicadores de estudios que avalen dichos debates, hallazgos sobre determinado tema, \u00e1reas de oportunidad, entre otros aspectos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Por ello me parece puntual ofrecer en este espacio una simple reflexi\u00f3n sobre c\u00f3mo diversos poderes pol\u00edticos alrededor del mundo han capitalizado esta efervescencia social para llevar \u201cagua a su molino\u201d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> a trav\u00e9s de estrategias que m\u00e1s adelante explicar\u00e9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Por ejemplo, este<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> fen<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">\u00f3meno de polarizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> y divisi\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">social lo hemos visto en pa\u00edses como Estados Unidos, con la construcci\u00f3n del muro en la frontera con M\u00e9xico; en Reino Unido con el refer\u00e9ndum \u201cBrexit\u201d; el plebiscito sobre los acuerdos de paz entre el gobierno colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC); <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">la lucha por el poder pol\u00edtico en Venezuela entre Maduro y <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Guaid\u00f3<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">; pero en un caso cercano, lo vemos en M\u00e9xico con la deslegitimaci\u00f3n de las instituciones por parte de un poder ejecutivo cada vez m\u00e1s centralista y autoritario.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Sin embargo, en estos acontecimientos sociopol\u00edticos hay un com\u00fan denominador que se presenta de manera inherente<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> que los ha llevado a ser materia de polarizaci\u00f3n y divisi\u00f3n social<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">, me refiero espec\u00edficamente a<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> la \u201cposverdad\u201d, que <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">autores la definen como<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> \u201c<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">la relativizaci\u00f3n de la veracidad,<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">en la banalizaci\u00f3n de la objetividad<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">de los datos y en la supremac\u00eda<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">del discurso emotivo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">\u201d<\/span><\/span> <a><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">(Zarzalejos &amp; al., 2017, p\u00e1g. 12)<\/span><\/span><\/a> <span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">es decir, aquel discurso que no necesariamente deba ser falso pero tampoco completamente cierto, que apela a emociones (tanto positivas como negativas), y por ende tiene un efecto m\u00e1s palpable (particularmente en la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica) que aquel planteamiento con fundamento argumentativo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Y \u00bfc\u00f3mo es que opera la \u201cposverdad\u201d ?,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> si bien<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> este fen\u00f3meno no es exclusivo del siglo XXI, pues ha estado presente en diversas etapas de la historia del hombre<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">,<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">por ejemplo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> en la Alemania Nazi durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial en los discursos que ofrec\u00eda Adolfo Hitler<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">, \u00e9ste <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">apela<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">ba<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> a<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> emociones positivas a trav\u00e9s de una \u201csuperioridad racial\u201d por determinadas caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas, sin embargo, hoy en d\u00eda <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">la posverdad <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">ha tenido su auge con el advenimiento de la Web 2.0 y 3.0, espec\u00edficamente con la apertura de medios alternativos como las redes <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">sociodigitales<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">, en donde hoy en d\u00eda, pr\u00e1cticamente cualquier persona con acceso a Internet tiene la posibilidad de ser y convertirse en un \u201cl\u00edder de opini\u00f3n\u201d o \u201cperiodista ciudadano\u201d, ya sea desde su propia identidad o en el anonimato<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> y poder generar debates sobre un determinado acontecimiento social, econ\u00f3mico o cultural<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Por ejemplo, de acuerdo con el 14\u00ba. Estudio sobre los H\u00e1bitos de los Usuarios en Internet en M\u00e9xico, para 2017 hab\u00edan 79.1 millones de usuarios de Internet, es decir, un 67% de penetraci\u00f3n en la poblaci\u00f3n de personas mayores a seis a\u00f1os <\/span><\/span><a><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">(AMIC, 2018)<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">, con lo cual, se puede ver que hay una amplia oportunidad para que cualquier persona pueda emprender nuevas formas de informar<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> (o desinformar)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> a los cibernautas mexicanos<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> y crear polarizaci\u00f3n en la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica<\/span><\/span><a name=\"_GoBack\"><\/a><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Es en este contexto donde<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> diversos<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> poderes partidistas y pol\u00edticos han aprovechado el car\u00e1cter y discurso<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> leg\u00edtimo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> de estas nuevas formas de producir informaci\u00f3n noticiosa en las plataformas virtuales<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> por los cibernautas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> y lo han materializado para favorecer sus propios intereses<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> y agendas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">, generando as\u00ed confusi\u00f3n,<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">sobreinformaci\u00f3n, desinformaci\u00f3n, polarizaci\u00f3n y divisi\u00f3n en la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica y en la propia sociedad<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\"> sobre determinados fen\u00f3menos y\/o temas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Es aqu\u00ed donde debemos realizar un ejercicio de reflexi\u00f3n, pues <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">retomando palabras de Margaret Atwood: \u201c<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">la posverdad es el <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">prefascismo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s6\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">, y si realmente queremos hacer algo para cambiar esto, es apoyando a los medios leg\u00edtimos\u201d. <\/span><\/span><a><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">(Atwood, 2017)<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">Ante ello: \u00bfla posverdad en verdad es una antesala del fascismo?, \u00bf<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">la legitimaci\u00f3n de la credibilidad de medios de comunicaci\u00f3n acabar\u00e1 con la <\/span><\/span><span class=\"s4\"><span class=\"bumpedFont15\">posverdad?.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"likebtn_container\" style=\"\"><!-- LikeBtn.com BEGIN --><span class=\"likebtn-wrapper\"  data-identifier=\"post_7065\"  data-lang=\"es\"  data-style=\"\"  data-unlike_allowed=\"\"  data-show_copyright=\"\"  data-item_url=\"https:\/\/comunicacion.uaa.mx\/revista\/?p=7065\"  data-item_title=\"La \u201cposverdad\u201d y su forma de operar\"  data-item_image=\"https:\/\/comunicacion.uaa.mx\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/5EF25242-2B26-465E-9817-9A6DB426D042.png\"  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